参考文献/References:
[1] Wrapp D,Wang N,Corbett KS,et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation[J]. Science,2020,367(6483):1260-1263.
[2] Richardson S,Hirsch JS,Narasimhan M,et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities,and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York city area[J]. JAMA,2020,323(20):2052-2059.
[3] 彭昱东,孟凯,官红权,等. 心血管病患者感染新型冠状病毒肺炎112例临床特点及转归[J]. 中华心血管病杂志,2020,48(6):450-455.
[4] Zheng YY,Ma YT,Zhang JY,et al. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system [J]. Nat Rev Cardiol,2020,17(5):259-260.
[5] Yang X,Yu Y,Xu J,et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan,China:a single-centered,retrospective, observational study[J]. Lancet Respir Med,2020,8(5):475-481.
[6] Zuin M,Rigatelli G,Zuliani G,et al. Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection:systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Infect,2020,81(1):e84-e86.
[7] 中国疾病预防控制中心. 新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病学特征分析[J]. 中华流行病学杂志,2020,41(2):145-151.
[8] Hu Y,Sun J,Dai Z,et al. Prevalence and severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19):a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Clin Virol , 2020 ,127:104371.
[9] Zhou F,Yu T,Du R,et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan,China:a retrospective cohort study[J]. Lancet ,2020,395(10229):1054-1062.
[10] Barman HA,Atici A,Sahin I,et al. Prognostic significance of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients with and without coronary artery disease[J]. Coron Artery Dis,2021,32(5):359-366.
[11] Gu T,Chu Q,Yu Z,et al. History of coronary heart disease increased the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19:a nested case-control study[J]. BMJ Open,2020,10(9):e038976.
[12] Bhatla A,Mayer MM,Adusumalli S,et al. COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias[J]. Heart Rhythm,2020,17(9):1439-1444.
[13] Alvarez-Garcia J,Lee S,Gupta A,et al. Prognostic impact of prior heart failure in patients hospitalized with COVID-19[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2020,76(20):2334-2348.
[14] Inciardi RM,Adamo M,Lupi L,et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and cardiac disease in Northern Italy[J]. Eur Heart J,2020,41(19):1821-1829.
[15] Shi S,Qin M,Shen B,et al. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan,China[J]. JAMA Cardiol,2020,5(7):802-810.
[16] Huang C,Wang Y,Li X,et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan,China[J]. Lancet,2020,395(10223):497-506.
[17] Wang D,Hu B,Hu C,et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan,China[J]. JAMA,2020,323(11):1061-1069.
[18] Gopinathannair R,Merchant FM,Lakkireddy DR,et al. COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias:a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies[J]. J Interv Card Electrophysiol,2020,59(2):329-336.
[19] Kochav SM,Coromilas E,Nalbandian A,et al. Cardiac arrhythmias in COVID-19 infection[J]. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol,2020,13(6):e008719.
[20] Zhang Y,Coats AJS,Zheng Z,et al. Management of heart failure patients with COVID-19:a joint position paper of the Chinese Heart Failure Association & National Heart Failure Committee and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology[J]. Eur J Heart Fail,2020,22(6):941-956.
[21] Bangalore S,Sharma A,Slotwiner A,et al. ST-segment elevation in patients with Covid-19—A case series[J]. N Engl J Med,2020,382(25):2478-2480.
[22] Stefanini GG,Montorfano M,Trabattoni D,et al. ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with COVID-19:clinical and angiographic outcomes[J]. Circulation,2020,141(25):2113-2116.
[23] Inciardi RM,Lupi L,Zaccone G,et al. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)[J]. JAMA Cardiol,2020,5(7):819-824.
[24] Hua A,O’Gallagher K,Sado D,et al. Life-threatening cardiac tamponade complicating myo-pericarditis in COVID-19[J]. Eur Heart J,2020,41(22):2130.
[25] Zeng JH,Liu YX,Yuan J,et al. First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis:a case report and insights[J]. Infection,2020,48(5):773-777.
[26] Li Y,Yu Y,Chen S,et al. Corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin in pediatric myocarditis:a meta-analysis[J]. Front Pediatr,2019,7:342.
[27] Siripanthong B,Nazarian S,Muser D,et al. Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis:the possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management[J]. Heart Rhythm,2020,17(9):1463-1471.
[28] Peretto G,Sala S,Rizzo S,et al. Ventricular arrhythmias in myocarditis:characterization and relationships with myocardial inflammation[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2020,75(9):1046-1057.
[29] Chen T,Wu D,Chen H,et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019:retrospective study[J]. BMJ,2020,368:m1091.
[30] Rey JR,Caro-Codón J,Rosillo SO,et al. Heart failure in COVID-19 patients:prevalence,incidence and prognostic implications[J]. Eur J Heart Fail,2020,22(12):2205-2215.
[31] Lei Y,Zhang J,Schiavon CR,et al. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein impairs endothelial function via downregulation of ACE 2[J]. Circ Res,2021,128(9):1323-1326.
[32] Kuba K,Imai Y,Rao S,et al. A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury[J]. Nat Med,2005,11(8):875-879.
[33] Epelman S,Shrestha K,Troughton RW,et al. Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human heart failure:relation with myocardial function and clinical outcomes[J]. J Card Fail,2009,15(7):565-571.
[34] Furuhashi M,Moniwa N,Mita T,et al. Urinary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in hypertensive patients may be increased by olmesartan,an angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker[J]. Am J Hypertens,2015,28(1):15-21.
[35] Zhang H,Penninger JM,Li Y,et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target[J]. Intensive Care Med,2020,46(4):586-590.
[36] Meng J,Xiao G,Zhang J,et al. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension[J]. Emerg Microbes Infect,2020,9(1):757-760.
[37] Lopes RD,Macedo AVS,de Barros E Silva PGM,et al. Effect of discontinuing vs continuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensinⅡ receptor blockers on days alive and out of the hospital in patients admitted with COVID-19:a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA,2021,325(3):254-264.
[38] 中华医学会心血管分会,中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会. 关于新型冠状病毒肺炎与RAS抑制剂治疗心血管疾病的科学声明[J]. 中华心血管病杂志,2020,48(7):565-566.