参考文献/References:
[1] Pedersen CT, Kay GN , Kalman J , et al. EHRA/HRS/APHRS expert consensus on ventricular arrhythmias[J]. Europace ,2014,16(9):1257-1283.
[2] Liao Z, Zhan X , Wu S , et al. Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from the pulmonary sinus cusp[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2015,66(23):2633-2644.
[3] Liu CF, Cheung JW , Thomas G , et al. Ubiquitous?myocardial?extensions?into the?pulmonary?artery?demonstrated?by integrated intracardiac echocardio-graphy and electroanatomic mapping : changing the paradigm of idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias[J]. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol ,2014,8(7):691-700.
[4] Akkaya S, Ardali S , Balci S , et al. Anomalous small cardiac vein draining into the superior vena cava [J]. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr,2015,9(3):236-237.
[5] Ouyang FF,Fotuhi P,Ho SY,et al. Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia originating from the aortic sinus cusp: electrocardiographic characterization for guiding catheter ablation[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol ,2002,39(3):500-508.
[6] Xie SL, Kubala M, Liang JJ, et al. Lead I R-wave amplitude to differentiate idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias with left bundle branch block right inferior axis originating from the left versus right ventricular outflow tract[J]. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol,2018,29(11):1515-1522.
[7] Cheng ZW, Cheng KA, Deng H , et al. The R-wave deflection interval in lead V3 combining with R-wave amplitude index in lead V 1:a new surface ECG algorithm for distinguishing left from right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia origin in patients with transitional lead at V3[J]. Int J Cardiol,2013,168(2):1342-1348.
[8] Yoshida N, Yamada T, Mcelderry HT , et al. A novel electrocardiographic criterion for differentiating a left from right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia origin : the V 2S/V3R index[J]. Cardiovasc Electrophysiol,2014,25(7):747-753.
[9]Yamada T. Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias: Relevance to the anatomy , diagnosis and treatment[J]. J Cardiol ,2016,68:463-471.
[10] Betensky BP , Park RE , Marchlinski FE , et al. The V 2 transition ratio: a new electrocardiographic criterion for distinguishing left from right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia origin[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2011,57(22):2255-2262.
[11] Yoshida N, Inden Y , Uchikawa T , et al. Novel transitional zone index allows more accurate differentiation between idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract and aortic sinus cusp ventricular arrhythmias[J]. Heart Rhythm ,2011,8(3):349-356.
[12] Nakano M , Ueda M , Ishimura M , et al. Estimation of the origin of ventricular outflow tract arrhythmia using synthesized right-sided chest leads[J]. Europace,2014,16(9) :1373-1378.
[13] Igarashi M, Nogami A , Sekiguchi Y , et al. The QRS morphology pattern in V 5R is a novel and simple parameter for differentiating the origin of idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias[J]. Europace,2015,17(7):1107-1116.
[14] Zhang F , Hamon D , Fang Z , et al. Value of a posterior electrocardiographic lead for localization of ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias: the V 4/V8 ratio [J]. JACC Clin Electrophysiol,2017,3(7):678-686.
[15]Cheng D, Ju WZ, Z hu LL , et al. V3R/V7 index: A Novel Electrocardiographic Criterion for Differentiating Left From Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Arrhythmias Origins[J]. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol,2018,11(11):e006243.
[16] Qin F, Zhao YW, Bai F, et al. Coupling interval variability: A new diagnostic method for distinguishing left from right ventricular outflow tract origin in idiopathic outflow tract premature ventricular contractions patients with precordial R/S transition at lead V3[J]. In J Cardiol,2018,269:126-132.
[17] Kaypakli O, Koca H, Sahin DY, et al. S-R difference in V 1-V2 is a novel criterion for differentiating the left from right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias[J]. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol ,2018,23(3):e12516.
[18] Efimova E, Dinov B, Acou WJ, et al. Differentiating the origin of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia using a simple, novel approach[J].Heart Rhythm ,2015,12(7):1534-1540.
[19] He Z, Liu M , Yu M , et al. An electrocardiographic diagnostic model for differentiating left from right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia origin[J]. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol,2018,29(6):908-915.
[20] Hachiya H, Aonuma K , Yamauchi Y , et al. Electrocardiographic characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract tachycardia[J]. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol,2000 ,23(11 Pt 2):1930-1934.
[21] Yamada T, Yoshida N , Murakami Y , et al. Electrocardiographic chara -cteristics of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the junction of the left and right coronary sinuses of Valsalva in the aorta: The activation pattern as a rationale for the electrocardiographic characteristics[J]. Heart Rhythm,2008,5(2) :184-192.
[22]Bala R, Garcia FC, Hutchinson MD, et al. Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic features of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the right/left coronary cusp commissure [J]. Heart Rhythm,2010,7(3):312-322.
[23] Chen J, Hoff PI, Rossvoll O, et al. Ventricular arrhythmias originating from the aortomitral continuity : an uncommon variant of left ventricular outflow tract tachycardia[J]. Europace,2012,14 (3):388-395.
[24] Mountantonakis SE, Frankel DS , Tschabrunn CM , et al. Ventricular arrhythmias from the coronary venous system : Prevalence , mapping , and ablation[J]. Heart Rhythm ,2015,12(6):1145-1153.
[25] Hayashi T, Santangeli P , Pathak RK , et al. Outcomes of catheter ablation of idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias with an R wave pattern break in lead V2:a distinct clinical entity[J]. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol,2017,28(5):504-514.
[26] Hachiya H, Hirao K , Nakamura H , et al. Electrocardiographic characteristics differentiating epicardial outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias originating from the anterior interventricular vein and distal great cardiac vein[J]. Circ J ,2015,79(11):2335-2344.
[27] Wang Y, Eltit JM , Kaszala K , et al. Cellular mechanism of premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy[J]. Heart Rhythm,2014,11(11) :2064-2072.
[28] Akkaya M, Roukoz H , Adabag S , et al. Improvement of left ventricular diastolic function and left atrial reserve remodeling after catheter ablation of premature ventricular complexes[J]. J Interv Card Electrophysiol,2013,38(3) :179-185.